DES-exposed males show a history of cryptorchidism, hypoplastic testes, epididymal cysts, and low sperm counts
In utero DES exposure linked to epididymal cysts, undescended and hypoplastic testis in males
Lower reproductive capacities observed in both females and males
The Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association, 1979
Clinical toxicology, 1979
American Association for Cancer Research, 1977
Mechanism of action of testosterone on the gonads of male rats treated with stilbestrol
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 45, Issue 3, 1 September 1970
DES has the ability to disrupt sexual development in both male and female (mice), even at a low dose
Causal pathways by which DES may directly cause disruption of normal human urethral development or hypospadias
